ازمة الدينار العراقي وشروط صندوق النقد الدولي
ازمة الدينار العراقي وشروط صندوق النقد الدولي
د. عودت ناجي الحمداني
2012 / 5 / 24
الادارة و الاقتصاد
منذ تغيير النظام البائد في الرابع من نيسان عام 2004 فان السياسة النقدية والمالية للعراق اصبحت تدور في فلك الراسمالية الدولية التي حدد اطرها صندوق النقد الدولي . فمن بين شروط صندوق النقد الدولي مقابل شطب 80% من ديون العراق الخارجية الغاء نظام الرقابة على النقد الاجنبي وتطبيق نظام السوق المفتوحة باعتبارها احد متطلبات سياسة اقتصاد السوق الراسمالية والتي يجب على البنك المركزي العراقي الالتزام بها.
ويعني ذلك عمليا الزام العراق باعادة هيكلة اقتصاده وسياساته النقدية والمالية وفقا لفلسفة الاقتصاد الراسمالي والتي لا تؤدي في احسن الاحوال الا الى نقل افات وامراض النظام الراسمالي وازماته الى المجتمع العراقي وزيادة جيش الفقراء وجيوش العاطلين عن العمل وزيادة تراكم ثروات الطفيليين .
ووفقا لارادة صندوق النقد الدولي وتنفيذ شروطه الجائرة فان البنك المركزي اصبح عاجزا على التدخل في تحديد القيمة التبادلية للدينار العراقي مقابل الدولار والعملات الاخرى.
ورغم التطمينات التي يطلقها كبار مسؤولي البنك المركزي العراقي عن متانة الدينار العراقي بسبب حمايته بغطاء رصين من العملة الصعبة غير ان مؤشرات السوق تدحض هذة الادعاءات وتؤكد إن قيمة الدولار ترتفع وقيمة الدينار في تدهور مستمر .
ووفقا لما يؤكده البنك المركزي العراقي فان احتياطاته من العملات الصعبة تتجاوز 65 مليار دولار ويعني ذلك ان الدينار العراقي يجب ان يتمتع بقدرات تنافسية في سوق الصرف الاجنبي ومن المفترض ان تتجاوز قيمته النقدية قيمة الدولار. والسؤال هنا لماذا ينحدر الدينار العراقي نحو التدهور وصعود قيمة الدولار طالما يمتلك البنك المركزي هذة الاحتياطات الضخمة من العملات الصعبة.؟
ان البنك المركزي يتحمل مسؤولية كبيرة ازاء تراجع قيمة الدينار العراقي وتداعياته على الحياة المعيشية للمواطنين وخصوصا الفئات الكادحة وذوي الدخل المحدود . فالبنك المركزي ينفذ سياسات نقدية محكومة بسياسات صندوق النقد الدولي والقطاع الخاص المحلي والاجنبي. ولم يتخذ اجراءات فعلية قادرة على كبح تدفق مئات الملايين من الدولارات الى الخارج التي تشكل ضمانة لحماية عملتنا الوطنية من التدهور والانهيار. ان البنك المركزي مطالب بالتدخل المباشر لوقف التدهور في قيمة الدينار العراقي وتحديد قيمته التبادلية مقابل العملات الاجنبية ومنها الدولار الامريكي .
فالبنك المركزي باعتباره مصرف الدولة يستطيع التحكم في عرض النقود في الاقتصاد القومي وتحقيق التوازن في سوق الصرف الاجنبي .
ومع التصاعد الحاد في الأزمة السياسية الراهنة فمن المتوقع ان يشهد الدينار العراقي مزيدا من التذبذب في سعر صرفه مقابل الدولار ويؤدي ذلك الى تداعيات مؤلمة منها الارتفاع الحاد في أسعار المواد الاستهلاكية وغير الاستهلاكية و ارتفاع جنوني في اسعار العقارات وايجارات المساكن والمحلات التجارية والاعمال الخدمية اليومية وتدهور القدرة الشرائية لدخول المستهلكين التي تعاني بالاساس من ضغوطات معيشية كثيرة.
ومن غير المعقول ان يبقى الدينار العراقي يعيش محنة السياسات الخاطئة كي تتوافق مع شروط صندوق النقد الدولي المعبر عن مصالح البلدان الاحتكارية والبرجوازية الطفيلية. فالهدف النهائي لشروط صندوق النقد الدولي دمج الاقتصاد العراقي بالراسمالية الاحتكارية .
ونعتقد ان البنك المركزي مطالب بالتدخل واتخاذ خطوات سريعة لوقف التدهور في قيمة عملتنا الوطنية وانقاذها من الانهيار وذلك بتشديد اجراءات ضخ العملة الاجنبية وبيعها وفقا لشروط قانونية تستلزم اقتران الحصول على العملة الاجنبية بمقابل سلع ومنتجات اساسية تساهم في دعم النشاط الاقتصادي كوسائل انتاج ومواد خام لا تتوفر في السوق العراقية والتي تعمل على دعم حركة الانتاج الصناعي والزراعي.
ومن المؤلم حقا ان مئات ملاييين الدولارات التي تتدفق بصورة رسمية الى الخارج لا يقبلها سوى مستوردات سلعية رديئة وكاسدة في اسواق البلدان المجاورة للتغطية على تهريب العملة الصعبة لمنفعة الفئات الطفيلية من مافيات السوق وسراق قوت الشعب . وهو نشاط مخطط لاستنزاف العملات الصعبة واضعاف عملتنا الوطنية وافتعال الازمات وتخريب الاقتصاد الوطني.
ان الحكومة مطالبة بانتهاج سياسة مالية رشيدة قادرة على خلق التوازن الداخلي والخارجي لدعم السياسة النقدية . فالاقتصاد العراقي ما زال اقتصادا ريعيا تشكل وارداته النفطية اكثر من 95% من دخله القومي, وان الاقتصاد المتين لا يقاس بمدى ملكية الدولة من المليارات النقدية من العملات الوطنية والاجنبية المرهونة بالكميات المنتجة من النفط , بل ان قوة الاقتصاد القومي وضمان استقراره وثبات الاسعار فية تتحدد بقدرة قطاعاته الانتاجية في الصناعة والزراعة على وجه الخصوص في تحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي والتصدي للازمات الاقتصادية والمالية المتوقعة.
ان تاهيل المصانع والمعامل العراقية واعادة تشغيلها واقامة المجمعات الصناعية والزراعية الضخمة وتوفير المناخ الاستثماري الرحب الجاذب للقطاع الخاص المحلي والاجنبي سوف يؤدي الى خلق دورة اقتصادية تساهم في زيادة الطلب على العملة العراقية وصعود الدينار العراقي امام العملات الاجنبية و منها الدولار…… 🌼
🌼. عن الحوار المتمدن.. مع
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